Effect of anesthetic technique on the quality of anesthesia recovery for abdominal histerectomy: a cross-observational study.

INTRODUCTION: Spinal anesthesia combined with sedation and general anesthesia combined with epidural are two techniques often used for patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. There is no consensus that one of these techniques is superior regarding the perception of patients towards the quality of postoperative recovery. This observational cross-sectional study aimed to assess the quality of postoperative recovery in women undergoing open abdominal hysterectomy by comparing both anesthetic techniques. METHOD: We recruited 162 women aged between 30 and 74 years to be submitted to abdominal hysterectomy. The anesthetic technique used followed the preference of the attending anesthesiologist without interference of the investigators. After applying the exclusion criteria, 80 patients underwent spinal anesthesia combined with sedation (Group 1) and 62 women underwent epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia (Group 2). The quality of postoperative recovery was evaluated using the questionnaire Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) completed 24 hours after the end of the surgery. RESULTS: Eighty patients in Group 1 answered the QoR-40 questionnaire with an average rating of 179.4 points, median of 186.5, standard deviation of 17.4 and a confidence interval of 3.8. The 60 patients in Group 2 answered the QoR-40 with an average of 174.9 points, median of 178 points, standard deviation of 16 points and a confidence interval of 4.0 (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION: Women who received spinal anesthesia combined with sedation considered quality of postoperative recovery better.

General anesthesia technique and perception of quality of postoperative recovery in women undergoing cholecystectomy: A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The two most common general anesthesia techniques are total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and venous/inhalation balanced general anesthesia (BGA). It is unclear whether any of these two techniques affect patient perception of the quality of recovery. The aim of this randomized, double-blinded clinical trial was to assess the quality of postoperative recovery of women undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. We compared patients who received TIVA with those who received BGA. We also evaluated the factors that may decrease patient-perceived quality of postoperative recovery. METHODS: We prospectively recruited 121 women aged 18-65 years who were scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to cholelithiasis. These patients were randomized to receive TIVA (target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil) or BGA (continuous remifentanil infusion and sevoflurane inhalation). To measure the quality of postanesthetic and postoperative recovery, we administered the Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) questionnaire 24 hours after the patient awoke from anesthesia. RESULTS: All 60 patients in the TIVA group responded to QoR-40 (median, 188 points; minimum 128; maximum 200). Sixty-one patients in the BGA group had a mean QoR-40 score of 186 points (median, 188 points; minimum 146; maximum 200). There was no significant difference in the QoR-40 score between the two groups (p = 0.577). The patients who presented postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain had worse perception of the quality of postoperative recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Both TIVA and BGA had a similar effect on the perception of the quality of postoperative recovery in women undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. PONV and pain may negatively affect patient perception of the quality of postoperative recovery.

Fatores que influenciam a percepção do paciente quanto a qualidade de recuperação pós-operatória / Factors influencing the patient's perception of the quality of postoperative recovery / Factores que influencian la percepción del paciente cuanto la calidad de recuperación postoperatoria

Objetivo: a satisfação do paciente é um conceito complexo e multifatorial que ganhou muita importância nas últimas décadas, através dos processos de acreditação. Além disso, a satisfação do paciente influencia o relacionamento com a equipe multidisciplinar e, até mesmo, a adesão ao tratamento proposto. A percepção do paciente quanto à qualidade de recuperação pós-operatória é um dos componentes que influenciam essa satisfação. O objetivo dessa revisão foi avaliar os fatores relacionados ao ato anestésico e cirúrgico que interferem na percepção do paciente quanto à qualidade de recuperação pós-operatória. Método: durante o período entre 01 de março e 31 julho de 2018, a presente revisão integrativa pesquisou os descritores nas bases de dados e encontrou 52000 citações de artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2011 e julho de 2018. Através dos operadores booleanos, combinaram-se os termos da pesquisa e excluíram-se os artigos duplicados; 256 artigos foram avaliados e 51 foram selecionados para essa revisão. Conclusão: a utilização de medicamentos e técnicas que minimizem a permanência hospitalar ou evitem efeitos colaterais como dor, náuseas e vômitos, melhora a percepção do paciente quanto à qualidade de recuperação.(AU)

Objective: patient satisfaction is a complex and multifactorial concept that has gained much importance in the last decades, through the accreditation processes. In addition, patient satisfaction influences the relationship with the multidisciplinary team and, even, adherence to the proposed treatment. The patient's perception of the quality of postoperative recovery is one of the components that influence this satisfaction. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the factors related to the anesthetic and surgical procedure that interfere in the patient's perception of the quality of postoperative recovery. Method: during the period between March 1 and July 31, 2018, this integrative review researched the descriptors in the databases and found 52,000 citations of articles published between January 2011 and July 2018. Through the Boolean operators, the search terms were combined and the duplicate articles were deleted; 256 articles were evaluated and 51 were selected for this review. Conclusion: the use of drugs and techniques that minimize hospital stay or prevent side effects such as pain, nausea and vomiting, improves the patient's perception of the quality of recovery.(AU)

Objetivo: la satisfacción del paciente es un concepto complejo y multifactorial que ha adquirido mucha importancia en las últimas décadas, a través de los procesos de acreditación. Además, la satisfacción del paciente influye en la relación con el equipo multidisciplinario y, incluso, la adhesión al tratamiento propuesto. La percepción del paciente en cuanto a la calidad de recuperación postoperatoria es uno de los componentes que influencian esa satisfacción. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar los factores relacionados al acto anestésico y quirúrgico que interfieren en la percepción del paciente en cuanto a la calidad de recuperación postoperatoria. Método: durante el período comprendido entre el 1 de marzo y el 31 de julio de 2018, la presente revisión integrativa investigó los descriptores en las bases de datos y encontró 52000 citas de artículos publicados entre enero de 2011 y julio de 2018. A través de los operadores booleanos, combinó los términos de la investigación y excluyó los artículos duplicados, evaluó 256 artículos y seleccionó 51 artículos para esa revisión. Conclusión: la utilización de medicamentos y técnicas que minimicen la permanencia hospitalaria o eviten efectos colaterales como dolor, náuseas y vómitos, mejora la percepción del paciente en cuanto a la calidad de recuperación.(AU)

Embolia amniótica durante parto normal sob analgesia: relato de caso / Amniotic fluid embolism during vaginal delivery under analgesia: case report / Embolia amniótica durante parto normal bajo analgesia: relato de caso

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A embolia amniótica é rara, sendo quadro clínico de início súbito e elevada morbidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um caso de embolia amniótica em paciente primigesta, submetida à analgesia para parto normal. RELATO DO CASO: Gestante de 38 anos, bolsa rota e 5 cm de dilatação do colo uterino. Apresentava-se com muita dor, agitação, sudorese, taquissistolia e venóclise com Ringer com lactato associado a 5 UI de ocitocina em gotejamento lento, pressão arterial (PA) de 110 × 70 mmHg, freqüência cardíaca (FC) 115 bpm, em ritmo sinusal e SpO2 de 98 por cento. Optou-se por técnica combinada, empregando-se 2,5 mg de bupivacaína pesada e 20 µg de fentanil no espaço subaracnóideo e cateter no espaço peridural. Após 20 minutos do início da analgesia a paciente referiu prurido súbito e intenso, apresentou agitação, vômito e palidez, FC 160 bpm, taquipnéia, SpO2 80 por cento e PA inaudível. Administrou-se solução fisiológica a 0,9 por cento (500 mL) associada à hidrocortisona, efedrina (50 mg) e oxigênio sob máscara facial com fluxo de 10 L.min-1. Nesse momento, a PA era 60 × 30 mmHg, a FC 150 bpm e a SpO2 92 por cento. Como a PA tendia a diminuir, foi administrado um total de 7 mg de metaraminol, divididos em várias doses. Após o parto vaginal, a paciente foi encaminhada à UTI com PA 90 × 60 mmHg, FC 110 bpm e taquipnéia. Duas horas após apresentou sangramento e hipotensão arterial, sendo diagnosticado coagulação intravascular disseminada (CIVD), tratada com cristalóides, concentrado de hemácias e plasma fresco congelado. Alta da UTI no terceiro dia de pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: Em decorrência da dramaticidade, gravidade e instalação abrupta do quadro, a rapidez e objetividade de medidas para manter sinais vitais são fundamentais e decisivos para a sobrevida das gestantes. Alerta-se para a importância de monitoração durante a analgesia de parto.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare occurrence; it has a sudden onset and high morbidity. The objective of this report was to present a case of amniotic fluid embolism in a primipara undergoing analgesia for vaginal delivery. CASE REPORT: This is a 38-year old pregnant woman with amniotic sac ruptured, cervix with 5-cm dilation, complaining of severe pain; the patient was agitated, diaphoretic, and with tachysystoly. After venipuncture, Ringer's lactate with 5 IU of oxytocin was infused slowly, blood pressure (BP) 110 × 70 mmHg, heart rate (HR) 115 bpm with sinus rhythm, and SpO2 98 percent. It was decided to use a combined technique: 2.5 mg of heavy bupivacaine and 20 µg of fentanyl were administered in the subarachnoid space and a catheter was inserted into the epidural space. Twenty minutes after the institution of analgesia, the patient complained of sudden onset of severe pruritus, she was agitated, with nausea and vomiting, pale, HR 160 bpm, tachypneic, SpO2 80 percent, and BP could not be detected. Normal saline (500 mL) associated with hydrocortisone, ephedrine (50 mg), and oxygen with a face mask at 10 L.min-1 were administered. At that moment, she presented BP 60 × 30 mmHg, HR 150 bpm, and SpO2 92 percent. Since BP tended to decrease, a total of 7 mg of metaraminol were administered divided in several doses. After vaginal delivery, the patient was transferred to the ICU with BP 90 × 60 mmHg, HR 110, and tachypnea. Two hours later, she developed bleeding and hypotension; disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was diagnosed and the patient treated with crystalloid solutions, packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma. She was discharged from the ICU in the 3rd postoperative day (PO). CONCLUSIONS: Due to the dramatic presentation, severity, and fast installation of the symptoms, the speed and objectivity of the measures instituted to maintain vital signs are fundamental and decisive for survival...

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La embolia amniótica es rara siendo un cuadro clínico de inicio súbito y de elevada morbidez. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar un caso de embolia amniótica en paciente primigesta, sometida a la analgesia para parto normal. RELATO DEL CASO: Embarazada de 38 años, bolsa rota y 5 cm de dilatación del cuello uterino. Se presentó con mucho dolor, agitación, sudoración, taquisistolia y venoclisis con Ringer con lactato asociado a 5 UI de ocitocina en goteo lento, presión arterial (PA) de 110 × 70 mmHg, frecuencia cardíaca (FC) 115 lpm, en ritmo sinusal y SpO2 de un 98 por ciento. Se optó por técnica combinada: empleando 2,5 mg de bupivacaína pesada y 20 µg de fentanil en el espacio subaracnoideo y catéter en el espacio epidural. Después de 20 minutos del inicio de la analgesia la paciente refirió prurito súbito e intenso, presentó agitación, vómito y palidez, FC 160 lpm, taquipnea, SpO2 80 por ciento y PA inaudible. Se administró una solución fisiológica a un 0,9 por ciento (500 mL) asociada a la hidrocortisona, efedrina (50 mg) y oxígeno bajo máscara facial con flujo de 10 L.min-1. En ese momento la PA era 60 × 30 mmHg, la FC 150 lpm y la SpO2 un 92 por ciento. Como la PA tendía a disminuir, se administró un total de 7 mg de metaraminol, divididos en varias dosis. Después del parto vaginal, la paciente se remitió a la UCI con PA 90 × 60 mmHg, FC 110 lpm y taquipnea. Dos horas después presentó sangramiento e hipotensión arterial, siendo diagnosticado coagulación intravascular diseminada (CIVD) y tratada con cristaloides, concentrado de glóbulos rojos y plasma fresco congelado. Alta de la UCI en el 3º PO. CONCLUSIONES: Debido al dramatismo, a la gravedad e instalación abrupta del cuadro, la rapidez y objetividad de las medidas para mantener las señales vitales son fundamentales y decisivas para la sobrevida de las embarazadas. Se avisa sobre la importancia de la monitorización durante la analgesia de parto.

Amniotic fluid embolism during vaginal delivery under analgesia. Case report.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare occurrence; it has a sudden onset and high morbidity. The objective of this report was to present a case of amniotic fluid embolism in a primipara undergoing analgesia for vaginal delivery. CASE REPORT This is a 38-year old pregnant woman with amniotic sac ruptured, cervix with 5-cm dilation, complaining of severe pain; the patient was agitated, diaphoretic, and with tachysystoly. After venipuncture, Ringer's lactate with 5 IU of oxytocin was infused slowly, blood pressure (BP) 110 x 70 mmHg, heart rate (HR) 115 bpm with sinus rhythm, and SpO2 98%. It was decided to use a combined technique: 2.5 mg of heavy bupivacaine and 20 microg of fentanyl were administered in the subarachnoid space and a catheter was inserted into the epidural space. Twenty minutes after the institution of analgesia, the patient complained of sudden onset of severe pruritus, she was agitated, with nausea and vomiting, pale, HR 160 bpm, tachypneic, SpO2 80%, and BP could not be detected. Normal saline (500 mL) associated with hydrocortisone, ephedrine (50 mg), and oxygen with a face mask at 10 L.min(-1) were administered. At that moment, she presented BP 60 x 30 mmHg, HR 150 bpm, and SpO2 92%. Since BP tended to decrease, a total of 7 mg of metaraminol were administered divided in several doses. After vaginal delivety the patient was transferred to the ICU with BP90 x 60 mmHg, HR 110, and tachypnea. Two hours later, she developed bleeding and hypotension; disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was diagnosed and the patient treated with crystalloid solutions, packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma. She was discharged from the ICU in the 3rd postoperative day (PO). CONCLUSIONS: Due to the dramatic presentation, severity, and fast installation of the symptoms, the speed and objectivity of the measures instituted to maintain vital signs are fundamental and decisive for survival of pregnant patients. We alert for the importance of monitoring during labor analgesia.

Efeitos hemodinâmicos e metabólicos imediatos determinados pelas soluções de cloreto de sódio a 7. 5 por cento e de sua associação ao dextran 70 a 6 por cento na reanimação do choque hemorrágico: estudo experimental em cães / Immediate hemodynamic and metabolic effects of 7. 5 percent sodium chloride and its association with 6 percent dextran 70 in hemorragic shock resuscitation: an experimental study in dogs

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O dextran associado à solução hipertônica de cloreto sódio a 7,5 por cento apresenta efeitos hemodinâmicos benéficos no controle prolongado da reanimação no choque hemorrágico. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a associação do dextran à solução de cloreto de sódio a 7,5 por cento apresentaria vantagens na avaliação imediata dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e metabólicos na reanimação em modelo de choque hemorrágico controlado em cães. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 16 cães submetidos à hemorragia controlada até que a pressão arterial média atingisse 40 mmHg e permanecesse assim por até 30 minutos. Estes foram divididos em G1, com administração de NaCI a 7,5 por cento, e G2, com administração NaCI a 7,5 por cento combinada com dextran 70 a 6 por cento, no volume de 4 mL.kg-1, durante três minutos. Foram avaliados os parâmetros hemodinâmicos e metabólicos. Consideraram-se quatro momentos: M1 - 10 minutos após o preparo cirúrgico, M2 - obtido na metade da fase de choque, M3 - obtido dois minutos após o final da administração das soluções, M4 - 30 minutos após o início da reanimação. RESULTADOS: Após a reanimação, não houve diferença significativa dos valores da FC, PAM, PCP e IRVS. O G2 apresentou valores maiores do IC em M4. Os valores da SvO2 foram menores no G1, final do experimento. A C(a-v)O2 foi maior no G1 nos momentos M3 e M4. Os valores do VO2 aumentaram nos dois grupos em M4 e os valores do lactato plasmático aumentaram progressivamente até M3 e diminuíram em M4. Houve aumento dos valores do Na plasmático e redução do hematócrito nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: O G2 mostrou melhor desempenho hemodinâmico principalmente após 30 minutos do início da reanimação. Observou-se, também, maior expansão plasmática e melhor perfusão tecidual na associação do dextran ao NaCl a 7,5 por cento.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dextran associated with 7.5 percent sodium chloride has positive hemodynamic effects in the long term control of hemorrhagic shock. The objective of this study was to verify whether the association of dextran with 7.5 percent chloride solution would be advantageous in the immediate hemodynamic evaluation of controlled hemorrhagic shock in dogs. METHODS: This study included 16 dogs submitted to controlled hemorrhage until their mean arterial blood pressure reached 40 mmHg, being maintained at this level for 30 minutes. They were divided in two groups: G1 received 7.5 percent NaCl and G2 received 7.5 percent NaCl in 6 percent dextran 70; in both groups, 4 mL.kg-1 of the solutions were administered for three minutes. Hemodynamic and metabolic parameters were evaluated in four different phases: M1 - 10 minutes after preparation for surgery, M2 - obtained in the middle of the shock phase. M3 - two minutes after the administration of the IV solutions, M4 - 30 minutes after the beginning of the resuscitation. RESULTS: After the resuscitation, there were no significant differences in HR, MAP, PCP, and SVRI. G2 presented the highest CI values in M4. G1 showed the smaller SvO2 values at the end of the experiment; and the C(a-v)O2 was higher in M3 and M4. For both groups, VO2 values increased in M4, and lactate plasma values increased progressively until M3, decreasing in M4. Both groups also presented increased Na plasma values and decreased hematocrit. CONCLUSIONS: G2 showed the best hemodynamic performance, especially 30 minutes after the beginning of resuscitation. Plasma expansion and tissue perfusion were also better with 7.5 percent NaCl in dextran.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El dextran, asociado a la solución hipertónica de cloruro sodio a 7,5 por ciento presenta efectos hemodinámicos benéficos en el control prolongado de la reanimación en el choque hemorrágico. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si la asociación del dextran a la solución de cloruro de sodio a 7,5 por ciento presentaría ventajas en la evaluación inmediata de los parámetros hemodinámicos y metabólicos en reanimación de modelo de choque hemorrágico controlado en perros. MÉTODO: Se estudiaron 16 perros sometidos a la hemorragia controlada hasta que la presión arterial promedio alcanzase 40 mmHg y permaneciese así hasta 30 minutos. Ellos fueron divididos en G1 administración de NaCI a 7,5 por ciento y G2 administración NaCI a 7,5 por ciento combinada con dextran 70 a 6 por ciento, en un volumen de 4 mL.kg-1, durante tres minutos. Se evaluaron los parámetros hemodinámicos y metabólicos. Se tuvo en cuenta cuatro momentos de estudio: (M1) 10 minutos después de la preparación quirúrgica, (M2) obtenido en la mitad de la fase de choque, (M3) obtenido dos minutos después del final de la administración de las soluciones, (M4) 30 minutos después del inicio de la reanimación. RESULTADOS: Después de la reanimación, no hubo diferencia significativa de los valores de la FC, PAM, PCP y IRVS. El G2 presentó valores mayores del IC en M4. Los valores de la SvO2 fueron menores en el G1, final del experimento. La C(a-v)O2 fue mayor en el G1 en los momentos M3 y M4. Los valores del VO2 aumentaron en los dos grupos en M4 y los valores del lactato plasmático aumentaron progresivamente hasta llegar a M3 disminuyendo en M4. Hubo un aumento de los valores del en la plasmático y una reducción del hematócrito en los dos grupos. CONCLUSIONES: El G2 mostró un mejor desempeño hemodinámico principalmente después de 30 minutos del inicio de la reanimación. Se observó también, una mayor expansión plasmática y una mejor perfusión de tejido en...

[Immediate hemodynamic and metabolic effects of 7.5% sodium chloride and its association with 6% dextran 70 in hemorragic shock resuscitation: an experimental study in dogs.]. / Efeitos hemodinâmicos e metabólicos imediatos determinados pelas soluções de cloreto de sódio a 7,5% e de sua associação ao dextran 70 a 6% na reanimação do choque hemorrágico: estudo experimental em cães.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dextran associated with 7.5% sodium chloride has positive hemodynamic effects in the long term control of hemorrhagic shock. The objective of this study was to verify whether the association of dextran with 7.5% chloride solution would be advantageous in the immediate hemodynamic evaluation of controlled hemorrhagic shock in dogs. METHODS: This study included 16 dogs submitted to controlled hemorrhage until their mean arterial blood pressure reached 40 mmHg, being maintained at this level for 30 minutes. They were divided in two groups: G1 received 7.5% NaCl and G2 received 7.5% NaCl in 6% dextran 70; in both groups, 4 mL.kg-1 of the solutions were administered for three minutes. Hemodynamic and metabolic parameters were evaluated in four different phases: M1 - 10 minutes after preparation for surgery, M2 - obtained in the middle of the shock phase. M3 - two minutes after the administration of the IV solutions, M4 - 30 minutes after the beginning of the resuscitation. RESULTS: After the resuscitation, there were no significant differences in HR, MAP, PCP, and SVRI. G2 presented the highest CI values in M4. G1 showed the smaller SvO2 values at the end of the experiment; and the C(a-v)O2 was higher in M3 and M4. For both groups, VO2 values increased in M4, and lactate plasma values increased progressively until M3, decreasing in M4. Both groups also presented increased Na plasma values and decreased hematocrit. CONCLUSIONS: G2 showed the best hemodynamic performance, especially 30 minutes after the beginning of resuscitation. Plasma expansion and tissue perfusion were also better with 7.5% NaCl in dextran.

Comportamento hemodinâmico e metabólico do choque hemorrágico: estudo experimental no cão / Hemorrhagic shock hemodynamic and metabolic behavior: experimental study in dogs

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Diversos modelos experimentais têm sido utilizados para ilustrar as alterações hemodinâmicas e metabólicas que ocorrem durante o choque hemorrágico. O objetivo da pesquisa é o de observar os comportamentos hemodinâmicos e metabólicos que acontecem em um modelo seqüencial e progressivo de choque hemorrágico no cão, verificando quais índices alteram-se mais precocemente. MÉTODO: O estudo foi realizado em 13 cães sob anestesia venosa total com pentobarbital sódico, em normoventilação e previamente esplenectomizados. Os animais não foram hidratados e a velocidade do sangramento foi ditada pela pressão arterial em que o animal se encontrava. Os atributos estudados foram divididos em hemodinâmicos (freqüência cardíaca - FC, pressão arterial média - PAM, índice de resistência vascular sistêmica - IRVS, índice sistólico - IS, índice cardíaco - IC, índice de choque - I.choque, índice de trabalho sistólico do ventrículo esquerdo - ITSVE, pressão capilar pulmonar - PCP, pressão venosa central - PVC) e metabólicos (saturação venosa mista - SvO2, pressão venosa de oxigênio - PvO2, transporte de oxigênio - DO2, consumo de oxigênio - VO2, extração de oxigênio - TEO2, lactato sérico). A coleta de dados e os atributos foram estudados em 6 momentos distintos, sendo M1, o momento controle e os outros momentos correspondentes a decréscimos gradativos de 10 por cento da volemia calculada para cada animal...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Different experimental models have been used to illustrate hemodynamic and metabolic changes during hemorrhagic shock. This study aimed at observing hemodynamic and metabolic behaviors during a sequential and progressive model of hemorrhagic shock in dogs to determine which indices are earlier changed. METHODS: The study involved 13 dogs under total intravenous anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital, standard ventilation and previously splenectomized. Animals were not hydrated and bleeding velocity was dictated by animals’ blood pressure. Evaluated parameters were: hemodynamic (heart rate - HR, mean blood pressure - MBP, systemic vascular resistance index - SVRI, stroke index - SI, cardiac index - CI, shock index - i.Shock, left ventricular stroke work index - LVSWI, pulmonary capillary pressure - PCP, central venous pressure - CVP); and metabolic (mixed venous saturation - SvO2, venous oxygen pressure - PvO2, oxygen transport - O2T, oxygen consumption - VO2, oxygen extraction - TEO2, serum lactate). Results and parameters were evaluated in 6 different moments: M1 - control, and the other moments corresponding to gradual 10% decrease in calculated volume for each animal...

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Diversos modelos experimentales han sido utilizados para ilustrar las alteraciones hemodinámicas y metabólicas que ocurren durante el choque hemorrágico. El objetivo de la pesquisa es el de observar los comportamientos hemodinámicos y metabólicos que suceden en un modelo de sucesión y progresivo de choque hemorrágico en el can, confirmando cuales son los índices que se alteran más precozmente. MÉTODO: El estudio fue realizado en 13 canes bajo anestesia venosa total con pentobarbital sódico, en normoventilación y previamente esplenectomizados. Los animales no fueron hidratados y la velocidad del sangramiento fue dictada por la presión arterial en que el animal se encontraba. Los atributos estudiados fueron divididos en hemodinámicos (frecuencia cardíaca - FC, presión arterial media - PAM, índice de resistencia vascular sistémica - IRVS, índice sistólico - IS, índice cardíaco - IC, índice de choque - I.choque, índice de trabajo sistólico del ventrículo izquierdo - ITSVE, presión capilar pulmonar - PCP, presión venosa central - PVC) y metabólicos (saturación venosa mista - SvO2, presión venosa de oxígeno - PvO2, transporte de oxígeno - DO2, consumo de oxígeno - VO2, extracción de oxígeno - TEO2, lactato sérico). La colecta de datos y los atributos fueron estudiados en 6 momentos distintos, siendo M, el momento control y los otros momentos correspondientes a decrécimos gradativos de 10% de la volemia calculada para cada animal...

Hemorrhagic shock hemodynamic and metabolic behavior: experimental study in dogs.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Different experimental models have been used to illustrate hemodynamic and metabolic changes during hemorrhagic shock. This study aimed at observing hemodynamic and metabolic behaviors during a sequential and progressive model of hemorrhagic shock in dogs to determine which indices are earlier changed. METHODS: The study involved 13 dogs under total intravenous anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital, standard ventilation and previously splenectomized. Animals were not hydrated and bleeding velocity was dictated by animals blood pressure. Evaluated parameters were: hemodynamic (heart rate - HR, mean blood pressure - MBP, systemic vascular resistance index - SVRI, stroke index - SI, cardiac index - CI, shock index - i.Shock, left ventricular stroke work index - LVSWI, pulmonary capillary pressure - PCP, central venous pressure - CVP); and metabolic (mixed venous saturation - SvO2, venous oxygen pressure - PvO2, oxygen transport - O2T, oxygen consumption - VO2, oxygen extraction - TEO2, serum lactate). Results and parameters were evaluated in 6 different moments: M1 - control, and the other moments corresponding to gradual 10% decrease in calculated volume for each animal. RESULTS: Hemorrhage has determined significant heart rate decrease in M6 only; MBP, CI, i.Shock, LVSWI decrease in all studied moments; mild CVP and PCP change in all moments; PVO2 and SVO2 decrease in all moments; O2T decrease, VO2 stabilization and TEO2 increase in all moments; shock index was increased from M1 to M3, was decreased in M4 and again increased until M6; SVRI was increased from M1 to M4, remained unchanged in M5 and has significantly decreased in M6; lactate has increased as from M5 and M6. CONCLUSIONS: Mean blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary pressure have not reflected real volume status of dogs in our experimental model, oxygen transport, consumption and extraction rate are useful parameters to determine hemorrhagic shock reversibility and prognosis.